Proven Oil Reserves

Possible Oil Reserves

Total Oil Reserves

Proven Gas Reserves

Possible Gas Reserves

Total Gas Reserves

Azerbaijan

3.6-12.5 BBL

32 BBL

36-45 BBL

11 Tcf

35 Tcf

46 Tcf

Iran*

0.1 BBL

15 BBL

15 BBL

0 Tcf

11 Tcf

11 Tcf

Kazakhstan

10.0-17.6 BBL

92 BBL

102-110 BBL

65-70 Tcf

88 Tcf

153-158 Tcf

Russia*

2.7 BBL

14 BBL

17 BBL

N/A

N/A

N/A

Turkmenistan

0.5 BBL

80 BBL

81 BBL

101 Tcf

159 Tcf

260 Tcf

Uzbekistan

0.6 BBL

2 BBL

3 BBL

66 Tcf

35 Tcf

101 Tcf

Total

17.5-34 BBL

235 BBL

253-270 BBL

243-248 Tcf

328 Tcf

571-576 Tcf

Production (1990)

Est. Production (2000)

Possible Production (2010)

Net Exports (1990)

Est. Net Exports (2000)

Possible Net Exports (2010)

Azerbaijan

259.3

280

1,200

76.8

155

1,000

Kazakhstan

602.1

693

2,000

109.2

452

1,700

Iran*

0.0

0

0

0.0

0

0

Russia**

144.0

11

300

0.0

7

300

Turkmenistan

124.8

148

200

69.0

83

150

Uzbekistan

86.2

152

200

-168.1

16

50

Total

1,216.4

1,284

3,900

86.9

713

3,200

Production (1990)

Est. Production (2000)

Possible Production (2010)

Net Exports (1990)

Est. Net Exports (2000)

Possible Net Exports (2010)

Azerbaijan

349.6

212

1,100

-271.9

0

500

Kazakhstan

251.2

170

1,100

-257.0

-220

350

Iran*

0.0

0

0

0.0

0

0

Russia**

219.0

30

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Turkmenistan

3,099.5

1,660

3,900

2,539.0

1,200

3,300

Uzbekistan

1,439.5

1,960

2,400

102.5

500

700

Total

5,358.8

4,032

8,500

2,112.6

1,480

4,850

Name/Location

Route

Crude Capacity

Length

Cost Estimate

Status

Atyrau-Samara

Atyrau (Kazakhstan)-Samara (Russia)

Originally 200,000 bbl/d, increased to 300,000 bbl/d

432 miles

Increase in capacity cost approximately $37.5 million

Existing pipeline upgraded by adding pumping and heating stations, increasing capacity

Baku-Ceyhan "Main Export Pipeline"

Baku (Azerbaijan)-Tbilisi (Georgia)-Ceyhan (Turkey)

1.0 million bbl/d

approximately 1,038 miles

$2.8-$2.9 billion

Basic engineering study completed May 2001; 6-month detailed engineering study began June 2001. Construction scheduled to begin in 2002, with completion targeted for 2004.

Baku-Supsa, AIOC "Early Oil" Western Route

Baku (Azerbaijan)-Supsa (Georgia)

100,000 bbl/d; proposed upgrades to 300,000 bbl/d to 600,000 bbl/d

515 miles

$600 million before upgrade

Exports began in April 1999; approximately 90,000 bbl/d exported via this route in 2000

Baku-Novorossiisk, Northern Route

Baku (Azerbaijan)-Novorossiisk (Russia) via Chechnya

100,000 bbl/d capacity; possible upgrade to 300,000 bbl/d

868 miles; 90 miles are in Chechnya

$600 million to upgrade to 300,000 bbl/d

Exports began late 1997; exports in 2000 averaged only 10,000 bbl/d

Baku-Novorossiisk, Chechnya bypass with link to Makhachkala

Baku (Azerbaijan) via Dagestan to Tikhoretsk (Russia); connecting to Novorossiisk (Russia)

2000 pipeline capacity: 120,000 bbl/d (rail and pipeline: 160,000 bbl/d)

2005 - 0.36 million bbl/d

204 miles

$140 million

Completed April 2000. 11-mile spur connects bypass with Russia's Caspian port of Makhachkala.

Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC)

Tengiz (Kazakhstan)-Novorossiisk (Russia)

564,000 bbl/d in Phase 1; 1.35-million bbl/d peak

990 miles

$2.3 billion for Phase 1; $4.2 billion total when completed

Launched in March 2001. First tanker loading at Novorossiisk set for Aug. 6, 2001; peak 2015

Gardabani-Batumi Pipeline

Gardabani (Azerbaijan)-Batumi (Georgia) oil refinery

N/A

Rebuild of an existing pipeline

N/A

The World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development are providing financing

Iran-Azerbaijan

Baku (Azerbaijan)-Tabriz (Iran)

200,000 bbl/d to 400,000 bbl/d

N/A

$500 million

Proposed by TotalFinaElf

Iran Oil Swap Pipeline

Iranian Caspian port of Neka-Tehran

175,000 bbl/d, rising to 370,000 bbl/d

208 miles

$400-$500 million

Under construction

Kazakhstan-China

Aktyubinsk (Kazakhstan)- Xinjiang (China)

400,000 bbl/d to 800,000 bbl/d

1,800 miles

$3.0-3.5 billion

Agreement 1997; feasibility study halted in September 1999 because Kazakhstan could not commit sufficient oil flows for the next 10 years

Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan- Iran Pipeline

Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Kharg Island on Persian Gulf (Iran)

1.0 million bbl/d

930 miles

$1.2 billion

Feasibility study by TotalFinaElf; proposed completion date 2005

Khashuri-Batumi pipeline

Dubendi (Azerbaijan)-Khashuri-Batumi (Georgia)

Initial 70,000 bbl/d, rising to 140,000 bbl/d-160,000 bbl/d

Rail system from Dubendi to Khashuri, then 105-mile pipeline from Khashuri to Batumi

$70 million for pipeline renovation

Chevron signed agreement to rebuild and expand the existing Khashuri-Batumi oil pipeline

South Pipeline (Central Asia Oil Pipeline)

Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan- Afghanistan-Gwadar (Pakistan)

1 million bbl/d

1,040 miles

$2.5 billion

Memorandum of Understanding; stalled due to Afghan fighting

Trans-Caspian (Kazakhstan Twin Pipelines)

Aqtau (western Kazakhstan coast)-Baku (Azerbaijan); could extend to Ceyhan (Turkey)

N/A

370 miles to Baku

$2-$4 billion if to Ceyhan

Feasibility study agreement December 1998 Royal Dutch/Shell, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Kazakhstan

Name/Location

Route

Gas Capacity

Length

Cost Estimate

Status

Baku-Erzurum

Baku-Tbilisi (Georgia)-Erzurum (Turkey)

Planned 254 Bcf capacity.

540 miles (entire route from Baku to Erzurum)

$1 billion (includes up to $500 million to construct new Azeri section)

November 2000 inspection of existing Gazi pipeline deemed that extensive repairs were necessary; new pipeline will be necessary

Centgas (Central Asia Gas)

Daulatabad (Turkmenistan)-Herat (Afghanistan)-Multan (Pakistan). May extend to India.

700 bcf/year

870 miles to Multan (additional 400 miles to India)

$1.9 billion to Pakistan (additional $0.5 billion to India)

Memorandum of Understanding signed by Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan. Project stalled with financing difficulties because of Afghan fighting.

Central Asia-Russia-Europe

Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan-Russia

3.5 Tcf

N/A - uses existing routes

Uses Existing route

Operational; uses existing Russian system. Turkmenistan signed an agreement to export 350 Bcf to Russia in 2001, as well as to provide Ukraine with 1.06 Tcf in 2001 and 8.83 Tcf from 2002-2006 via this pipeline.

China Pipeline

Turkmenistan-Xinjiang (China); may extend to Japan

1 Tcf/year

4,1,61 miles; more if to Japan

$10 billion to China; more if to Japan

Preliminary feasibility study done by Exxon, Mitsubishi, and CNPC

Trans-Caspian (Turkmenistan)

Turkmenbashi (Turkmenistan)-Baku (Azerbaijan)-Tbilisi (Georgia)-Erzerum (Turkey)

565 Bcf in first stage, eventually rising to 1.1 Tcf/year

1,020 miles

$2.0-$3.0 billion

Project stalled; Negotiations between Turkmenistan and the international consortium backing the project have stalled over payment and price issues.

Turkmenistan-Iran

Korpezhe (Turkmenistan)-Kurt-Kui (Iran)

283-350 Bcf/year; expansion proposed to 459 Bcf/year by 2005

124 miles

$190 million; 2005 expansion $300-$400 million

Commissioned December 1997

Name/Location

Route

Crude Capacity

Length

Cost Estimate

Status

Albanian-Macedonian-Bulgarian Oil (AMBO) pipeline

Burgas (Bulgaria)-Macedonia-Vlore (Albania)

750,000 bbl/d (could be expanded to 1 million bbl/d)

560 miles

$850 million-$1.1 billion

Construction proposed 2001-2002. Completion targeted for 2004-2005.

Burgas-Alexandroupolis Trans-Balkan Oil Pipeline

Burgas (Bulgaria)-Alexandroupolis (Greece)

600,000-800,000 bbl/d

178 miles

$600 million

Initial agreement signed in 1997 between Bulgaria, Greece, and Russia. Seeking to establish TransBalkan Oil Company to build the pipeline.

Constanta-Trieste Pipeline

Constanta (Romania)-Pancevo (Yugoslavia)-Omisalj (Croatia)-Trieste (Italy). Omisalj has also been proposed as a terminus

660,000 bbl/d

855 miles

$1.2-$1.6 billion

Feasibility studies completed; awaiting intergovernmental accord safeguarding the project, as well as financial backing.

Odesa-Brody (Ukraine)

Odesa-Brody; optional spurs to the northern Druzhba line at Plotsk, Poland, or to Slovakia

180,000 bbl/d; ultimate capacity 600,000-800,000 bbl/d

400 miles

$465 million for pipeline and terminal; $140 million spent using revenues from the Friendship and Trans Dnieper pipelines

Pivdenny (Yuzhnyi) oil terminal near Odesa almost completed; pipeline 85% finished with target competion in 2001